High Middle Ages · East Asia · Science
1012
Song astronomers refine star catalogues
1012
Court astronomers at the Song observatory in Kaifeng completed a revised star catalogue that recorded the positions of over a thousand stars with unprecedented accuracy. Using armillary spheres of bronze and calibrated water clocks, they tracked celestial motions for calendar reform, a perpetual task in a civilization where the emperor's legitimacy rested on commanding the heavens.