High Middle Ages · Europe · Science

1249

Roger Bacon experiments with gunpowder at Oxford

1249

The Franciscan friar, drawing on Arabic alchemical texts, recorded the first European formula for gunpowder in an anagram hidden within his Epistola de Secretis. His mixture of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur was more scientific curiosity than weapon, but the genie had entered European consciousness and would not go back in the bottle.