Late Middle Ages · East Asia · Politics

1369

Hongwu abolishes the Yuan civil service exams

1369

The new Ming emperor discarded the truncated Mongol examination system and spent years designing a new one based strictly on the Four Books in Zhu Xi's neo-Confucian interpretation. The resulting exam demanded rigorous mastery of classical texts and moral philosophy. It would define Chinese elite identity for the next five centuries and become the template for Korea and Vietnam.