Late Middle Ages · Europe · Religion
1456
Joan of Arc Rehabilitated
1456
Twenty-five years after her execution, a papal commission under Callixtus III nullified her heresy conviction as procedurally fraudulent. Her mother, now eighty, wept in the front row. The verdict restored Joan to the Catholic fold; five centuries later she would be canonized. History was retroactively corrected, at least on parchment.