Enlightenment · East Asia · Politics
1793
Macartney Embassy Received by Qianlong
September 14, 1793
Lord Macartney, after a year's journey, knelt before the Qianlong Emperor at the summer palace at Jehol - but declined to kowtow. He asked for trade relations and a resident ambassador. Qianlong's famous reply: China possessed all things and had no use for barbarian manufactures. The embassy went home empty-handed.