1022
Mahmud of Ghazni annexes Lahore
The Ghaznavid sultan captured Lahore after defeating the last Hindu Shahi ruler Trilochanapala, extinguishing the dynasty that had resisted him for two decades. Lahore became the eastern anchor of the Ghaznavid empire and a gateway for Islamic culture into the Indian subcontinent, a role it would play for centuries under successive Muslim dynasties.
Song porcelain kilns produce Ru ware
Imperial kilns in Henan began producing Ru ware, a celadon so prized that even in its own era fewer than a hundred pieces were made for the court. Glazed in a luminous blue-green that Song connoisseurs likened to rain-washed sky, the ceramics represented the pinnacle of Chinese ceramic art and remain among the rarest objects in any museum collection today.
Synod of Pavia condemns clerical marriage
Pope Benedict VIII and Emperor Henry II convened German and Italian bishops to legislate against priestly wives and concubines. Enforcement would lag for decades, but the synod marked a turning point in the campaign to remake the Western clergy as a celibate caste distinct from the laity. Children of priests were declared serfs of the Church, a measure designed to prevent hereditary claims on church property.
Heresy trial at Orleans
A group of canons at the French city were accused of Manichaean errors by King Robert the Pious. Under interrogation they admitted to despising the Eucharist and baptism. Thirteen were burned, the first executions of heretics in the Latin West for centuries. The quiet use of fire was a precedent.