1413
Henry V Ascends the English Throne
The scarred prince who had taken an arrow through the cheek at Shrewsbury now inherited his father's uneasy kingdom. He put aside the tavern friends of his youth, the chronicles claim, and became an ascetic war-king overnight. Within two years he would be at Agincourt. His transformation from dissolute prince to devout warrior became a foundational legend of English monarchy, later immortalized by Shakespeare.
Mehmed I Reunifies the Ottoman State
The last of Bayezid's surviving sons crushed his brother Musa at Camurlu and restored a single sultan to Edirne. Eleven years of fratricide had bled the empire thin, but Mehmed's patience had won. He spent his reign rebuilding what Timur had smashed, quietly, without conquests. His merciful governance earned him the epithet Celebi, the Gentleman, a rare distinction among Ottoman sultans.
Hus Writes De Ecclesia
The Bohemian reformer, already under papal interdict, wrote his most incendiary treatise arguing that the true Church was the body of the elect, not the institutional hierarchy. Predestination and reform converged. The text would land him at Constance in the fire. It would also be republished during the Reformation as a Protestant relic.
Henry V Crushes Lollards
The English king's troops surprised a Lollard gathering in St Giles's Fields led by Sir John Oldcastle. The rising collapsed in hours. Oldcastle escaped but was eventually captured and hanged over a fire. The Wycliffite movement survived only underground, a forgotten rehearsal for the Reformation a century later. The suppression drove Lollard belief underground into artisan Bible-reading networks where it smoldered until merging with Protestantism.