1720

Same year, around the world
Featured events in 1720
1720·Europe·Politics

South Sea Bubble Bursts

The stock of the South Sea Company, having risen from one hundred and twenty-eight pounds to over a thousand in eight months on promises of Pacific trade, collapsed in weeks. Aristocrats, clergymen, and Isaac Newton himself were ruined. Parliament investigated. Walpole took power on a promise of stability. Britain learned the shape of its first financial crash.

September 1, 1720Enlightenment
1720·East Asia·War

Qing Conquest of Tibet

Kangxi's armies drove the Dzungar Mongols out of Lhasa and installed a Qing-approved Dalai Lama. An amban, or imperial resident, was stationed in the Potala. Tibet became a protectorate under Beijing that would outlast the Manchus themselves. The great Qing expansion into Inner Asia was nearly complete. Kangxi's successors would maintain this arrangement for nearly two centuries, claiming sovereignty that Tibetans would endlessly contest.

October 1, 1720Enlightenment
1720·North America·Politics

Rackham and the Pirate Women

Captain Calico Jack Rackham was taken by a Royal Navy sloop off Jamaica. When his crew proved too drunk to fight, two figures kept swinging: Anne Bonny and Mary Read, his female shipmates in men's clothing. At trial, both pleaded their bellies, claiming pregnancy, to escape the gallows. Rackham hanged.

November 16, 1720Enlightenment
1720·Europe·Politics

Mississippi Bubble Collapses

John Law's Banque Royale in Paris, having printed paper money against dreams of Louisiana gold, saw its scheme unravel. Shares that had sold for twenty thousand livres fell to five hundred. Law fled France in disguise. The monarchy lost credit it would not recover before 1789. Enlightenment Paris learned the word speculation.

May 17, 1720Enlightenment
1720·Europe·Exploration

Plague of Marseille

The merchant ship Grand-Saint-Antoine, carrying silk and cotton from Syria, unloaded at Marseille despite quarantine. Within weeks a hundred thousand Provencals would die. Bishop Belsunce walked the corpse-strewn streets administering last rites. It was the last major plague epidemic in western Europe, though no one yet knew that. The city lost half its population before the contagion burned itself out over the following two years.

May 25, 1720Enlightenment
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